Terms

Founded in 1966 to serve the African American youths in south Minneapolis.

A division of the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, or Dakota Oyate (Nation), residing in the east of the Dakota homeland: eastern Canada, the eastern Dakotas, Minnesota and northern Iowa.

A village and location of the Santee Sioux Tribe of Nebraska near Niobrara.

A branch of the Ojibwe (Anishinaabe/Chippewah) nations. Saulteaux is a French term meaning "people of the rapids," referring to their former location in the area of Sault Ste. Marie. They were primarily hunters and fishers, and had extensive trading relations with the French, British and later Americans.

A discriminatory term used against people to label them as primitive, uncivilized and sometimes brutal, fierce, or vicious

The act of removing a person's scalp or a portion of their scalp. First practiced by the ancient Scythians of Eurasia, the initial purpose of scalping was to provide a trophy of battle or portable proof of a combatant's prowess in war. Eventually, the act became motivated primarily for financial reasons; people received payment per scalp they acquired. Both Native American and European immigrants practiced scalping in American history.

A person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. In almost every historical case, settlers live on land which previously belonged to long-established peoples, known as indigenous people. "Settler" may refer to immigrants who arrived in the Americas to trade, establish military posts, spread religious beliefs, or homestead.

A Christian Dakota leader of the Hazelwood Republic. He opposed the U.S.-Dakota War, led people to safety, and was imprisoned in the concentration camp at Fort Snelling.

Canadian Indian Reserve located forty-five minutes west of the city of Brandon, Manitoba.

A sub-division of the Isanti or Santee Dakota people.

A Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies.

A minor battle in war, as one between small forces or between large forces avoiding direct conflict.

See Dugout.

A society to preserve Dakota tribal traditions.

A spiritual offering of food.

A reservation located in East Central North Dakota, established by treaty between the United States Government and the Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Bands in 1867.

A K-12 school boarding school funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in St. Stephen's, Wyoming.

Usually a smaller steam-powered boat working on lakes and rivers, particularly riverboats.

To aid a private enterprise with public money.

A Dakota spiritual ceremony.

To obtain money or property by fraud or deceit.