Spear, Allan Henry (1937–2008)

Creator:
Black and white photograph of Allan Spear, 1997. Photographed by Minnesota Senate photographer.
Allan Spear, 1997. Photographed by a Minnesota Senate photographer.

Allan Henry Spear was the first openly gay man in the United States to serve as a state legislator. In 1993, he won a twenty-year fight to include the LGBT community in Minnesota's Human Rights Act. He served as president of the Minnesota Senate for nearly a decade, taught history at the University of Minnesota for thirty-five years, and was a lifelong lover of travel, food, music, and literature.

When Spear was launching his twenty-eight-year career as a Minnesota senator and beginning to come out as gay in 1972, he already had a lifetime of experiences behind him. Born to Esther and Irving Spear on June 24, 1937, in Michigan City, Indiana, he went on to participate in some of the most tumultuous events in American history.

As a white, Midwestern Jewish man, Spear may have seemed an unlikely civil rights activist and scholar of African American history. But he became directly involved in the American Civil Rights Movement at a young age. In 1955, when he was eighteen, he visited a friend in Mississippi. While he was there, another teenager visiting from the north, Emmett Till, was brutally kidnapped and killed in an infamous incident of racist violence.

Till’s murder left a lasting impression on Spear. While enrolled at Oberlin College, he was an officer in its NAACP campus branch and spent a semester at historically black Fisk University. After studying at Harvard Law School for a year in 1958, he earned his MA and PhD at Yale. In 1964, at the age of twenty seven, he took a position teaching in the History Department of the University of Minnesota and moved to Minneapolis.

Spear later admitted that he started to realize he was “different” from his friends at about age twelve and began privately discussing his homosexuality with a sympathetic friend at age nineteen. He did not begin coming out, however, until 1972. This happened to be months before he ran for, and was first elected to, the Minnesota Senate. Spear publicly revealed his homosexuality two years later in an interview with the Minneapolis Star newspaper and became the first openly gay Minnesota legislator.

After he came out, Spear endured political attacks from gay activists who found his approach lacking in defiance and aggression. In 1982, he uprooted his home to avoid running against a longtime ally after major redistricting. He represented Hennepin County districts fifty-seven (1973–1983), fifty-nine (1983–1992), and sixty (1993–2000) as a member of the Democratic Farmer–Labor Party before retiring in 2000.

Spear’s tenure was defined by hard-earned respect and slow progress. His first draft of a gay rights bill failed to pass in 1975, but Spear was undeterred. He tried again in 1977, introduced a gay and lesbian human rights bill with Representative Karen Clark in 1981, and added protections for transgender people to the proposed legislation in 1991. It was not until 1993 that Spear succeeded in amending Minnesota's Human Rights Act to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

While his work on queer and human rights may be the centerpiece of his career, Spear was determined not to be a single-issue senator. He became known for his work in judicial reform and was the first non-lawyer chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, serving from 1983 to 1992.

Spear also focused on criminal justice and corrections reform, becoming the chair of the Crime Prevention Committee in 1993. Most notably, he served as president of the Minnesota Senate from 1993 to 2000 and earned a reputation as a fair leader who could work with both parties.

In his personal life, Spear was deeply involved in his community and in social service. After he retired, Governor Jesse Ventura appointed him to the Minnesota Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board. He also served on the boards of the OutFront Minnesota political action committee, the Schubert Club, and the Shir Tikvah Synagogue.

In the early 1980s, Spear found the love of his life, Junjiro Tsuji. They shared a passion for travel, cooking, and entertaining and remained together for the rest of Spear’s life.

Spear passed away in a hospital from heart-surgery complications on October 11, 2008. His memorial service was held on November 23, at Temple Israel in Minneapolis.

Cite
Matheson, Jack. "Spear, Allan Henry (1937–2008)." MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. https://www3.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/person/spear-allan-henry-1937-2008
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First Published: May 31, 2017
Last Modified: April 16, 2025

Bibliography

“Allan H. Spear.” [Obituary.] St. Paul Pioneer Press, October 14, 2008.
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/twincities/obituary.aspx?pid=118801898

Minnesota Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board Annual Report, July 1, 2000–June 30, 2001. St. Paul: The Board, 2001.
http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/campfin/AnnualReports/2001ar.pdf

Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Spear, Allan H.
https://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail?id=10630

Preston, Joshua. "Senator Allan Spear and the Minnesota Human Rights Act." Minnesota History 65, no. 3 (Fall 2016): 76–87.
http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/65/v65i03p76-87.pdf

Spear, Allan H. Crossing the Barriers: the Autobiography of Allan H. Spear. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

Related Resources

Related Video

Allan Spear and Minnesota's Human Rights Act of 1993

Allan Spear and Minnesota's Human Rights Act of 1993

Minnesota state senator Allan Spear speaks in favor of a state Human Rights Act on the floor of the Minnesota Senate on March 18, 1993.

Related Audio

MN90: Minnesota's GLBT Champion | Details

MN90: Minnesota's GLBT Champion

Allan Spear accomplished a lot in his three decades in the Minnesota Senate. But it’s the 1993 Minnesota Human Rights Act that he would call his “proudest legislative victory.” MN90 Producer Andi McDaniel finds out how one of the first openly gay Americans serving in elected office made Minnesota proud.

© AMPERS    

All rights reserved

Related Images

Black and white photograph of Allan Spear, 1997. Photographed by Minnesota Senate photographer.
Allan Spear, 1997. Photographed by a Minnesota Senate photographer.
Black and white flyer from Spear’s first, and unsuccessful, run for office in 1968.

Flyer from Spear’s first, and unsuccessful, run for office in 1968. Flyer is from MN 150: The People, Places, and Things That Shape Our State, by Kate Roberts (Minnesota Historical Society Press).

Black and white photograph of Allan Henry Spear, ca. 1980.
Allan Henry Spear, ca. 1980.
Black and white photograph of legislators (including Allan Spear, far right) tour the Minnesota Zoological Garden, 1980.
Legislators (including Allan Spear, far right) tour the Minnesota Zoological Garden, 1980.
Black and white photograph of Ron Dicklich, William Luther, Allan Spear, Roger Moe, and Duane Benson reading a bill on the floor of the Minnesota Senate, 1988.
Ron Dicklich, William Luther, Allan Spear, Roger Moe, and Duane Benson read a bill on the floor of the Minnesota Senate, 1988.
Black and white photograph of Allan Spear at a Judiciary Committee hearing, 1987–1990.
Allan Spear at a Judiciary Committee hearing, 1987–1990.
Black and white photograph of Governor Al Quie, legislators (including Allan Spear, third from left), and constituents with disabilities, ca. 1980.
Governor Al Quie, legislators (including Allan Spear, third from left), and constituents with disabilities, ca. 1980.
Color image of a pinback button used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. late 1970s to early 1980s.
Pinback button used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. late 1970s to early 1980s.
Color image of a lawn sign used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. 1980s.
Lawn sign used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. 1980s.
Black and white photograph of Allan Spear, 1997. Photographed by Minnesota Senate photographer.

Allan Spear

Allan Spear, 1997. Photographed by a Minnesota Senate photographer.

Holding Location

Minnesota Legislative Reference Library
Black and white flyer from Spear’s first, and unsuccessful, run for office in 1968.

Allan Spear flyer

Flyer from Spear’s first, and unsuccessful, run for office in 1968. Flyer is from MN 150: The People, Places, and Things That Shape Our State, by Kate Roberts (Minnesota Historical Society Press).

Holding Location

Minnesota Historical Society
Black and white photograph of Allan Henry Spear, ca. 1980.

Allan Henry Spear

Allan Henry Spear, ca. 1980.
Black and white photograph of legislators (including Allan Spear, far right) tour the Minnesota Zoological Garden, 1980.

Legislators (including Allan Spear, far right) tour the Minnesota Zoological Garden

Legislators (including Allan Spear, far right) tour the Minnesota Zoological Garden, 1980.

Holding Location

Minnesota Historical Society
Black and white photograph of Ron Dicklich, William Luther, Allan Spear, Roger Moe, and Duane Benson reading a bill on the floor of the Minnesota Senate, 1988.

Ron Dicklich, William Luther, Allan Spear, Roger Moe, and Duane Benson

Ron Dicklich, William Luther, Allan Spear, Roger Moe, and Duane Benson read a bill on the floor of the Minnesota Senate, 1988.

Holding Location

Minnesota Legislative Reference Library
Black and white photograph of Allan Spear at a Judiciary Committee hearing, 1987–1990.

Allan Spear at a Judiciary Committee hearing

Allan Spear at a Judiciary Committee hearing, 1987–1990.

Holding Location

Minnesota Legislative Reference Library
Black and white photograph of Governor Al Quie, legislators (including Allan Spear, third from left), and constituents with disabilities, ca. 1980.

Governor Al Quie, legislators, and constituents with disabilities

Governor Al Quie, legislators (including Allan Spear, third from left), and constituents with disabilities, ca. 1980.

Holding Location

Minnesota Historical Society
Color image of a pinback button used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. late 1970s to early 1980s.

Allan Spear campaign button

Pinback button used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. late 1970s to early 1980s.
© Minnesota Historical Society    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota Historical Society
Color image of a lawn sign used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. 1980s.

Allan Spear lawn sign

Lawn sign used to promote the candidacy of Senator Allan Spear, ca. 1980s.

Holding Location

Minnesota Historical Society

Turning Point

During a tumultuous and hectic year, Spear is elected to the Minnesota Senate and begins coming out as gay in 1972.

Chronology

1937
Allan H. Spear is born to Esther and Irving Spear on June 24, in Michigan City, Indiana.
1955
Eighteen-year-old Spear visits Mississippi at the same time Emmett Till is kidnapped and killed.
1963
Spear participates in the March on Washington on August 28.
1964
After moving to Minneapolis, Spear begins teaching American and African American history at the University of Minnesota.
1965
Spear completes his PhD in history from Yale University.
1967
Spear’s first book, Black Chicago: the Making of a Negro Ghetto, is published.
1972
Allan Spear is first elected to the Minnesota Senate.
1974
After announcing he is gay in an interview with the Minneapolis Star on December 9, Spear becomes the first openly gay man serving as a state legislator in the country.
1983
Spear becomes the first non-lawyer ever to chair the Senate Judiciary Committee.
1993
In a long-fought victory, Spear succeeds in amending Minnesota's Human Rights Act to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
1993
Spear is elected president of the Minnesota Senate.
1993
Spear becomes Chair of the Crime Prevention Committee.
2000
Spear retires from his positions as president of the Minnesota Senate and associate professor at the University of Minnesota.
2001
Governor Jesse Ventura appoints Spear to the Minnesota Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board.
2008
Spear dies of complications following heart surgery on October 11.

Bibliography

“Allan H. Spear.” [Obituary.] St. Paul Pioneer Press, October 14, 2008.
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/twincities/obituary.aspx?pid=118801898

Minnesota Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board Annual Report, July 1, 2000–June 30, 2001. St. Paul: The Board, 2001.
http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/campfin/AnnualReports/2001ar.pdf

Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Spear, Allan H.
https://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail?id=10630

Preston, Joshua. "Senator Allan Spear and the Minnesota Human Rights Act." Minnesota History 65, no. 3 (Fall 2016): 76–87.
http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/65/v65i03p76-87.pdf

Spear, Allan H. Crossing the Barriers: the Autobiography of Allan H. Spear. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

Related Resources