Bibliography
“At a Meeting of the Barbers’ Union.” St. Paul Appeal, May 24, 1890.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016810/1890-05-24/ed-1/seq-1/
Bristol, Douglas Walter, Jr. Knights of the Razor: Black Barbers in Slavery and Freedom. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2009.
“Barbers on Strike: Union Workmen at East Grand Forks Demand Enforcement of Sunday Closing.” Minnesota Union Advocate, May 24, 1908.
“Barbers Union to Note Its 63rd Anniversary.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, May 21, 1953.
“Barbers Shave Close.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, May 31, 1907.
“Barbers Union Meeting in New Hall Monday.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, September 7, 1917.
“Barbers’ Advanced Class Stresses Styling.” Minneapolis Labor Review, January 13, 1972.
“Barbers’ Strike When Employers Break Agreement.” Minneapolis Labor Review, January 30, 1920.
“Barbers’ Union Gains Steadily.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, September 28, 1917,
“Barbers’ Union Merging with Food, Commercial.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, January 14, 1980.
“Barbers’ Union to Entertain Huge Crowd at Picnic.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, July 30, 1936.
“Beauty Workers Banner Ellen’s Beauty Shop.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, August 12, 1937.
“Delmont Warns Labor Against Scab Shops.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, March 18, 1926.
“Eight Barbershops Listed As Unfair Return to Fold.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, August 23, 1945.
Foner, Phillip S. History of the Labor Movement in the United States: From Colonial Time to the Founding of the American Federation of Labor. New York: International Publishers, 1947.
Green, William D. A Peculiar Imbalance: The Fall and Rise of Racial Equity in Early Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2007.
Hall, Scott W. “The Journeymen Barbers International Union of America.” The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science 54, no. 3 (1936).
Mills, Quincy T. Cutting Along the Color Line: Black Barbers and Barber Shops in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
“Negroes Are Not Barred From Barbers’ Union.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, October 23, 1947.
“Question of Pay Satisfaction Settled at St. Paul.” Minneapolis Labor Review, July 12, 1909.
“Shaved on Sunday.” St. Paul Daily Globe, September 28, 1887.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059522/1887-09-28/ed-1/seq-2/
“Sound Reasons for the Barbers’ Law.” Minneapolis Labor Review, November 7, 1907.
Spangler, Earl. The Negro in Minnesota. Minneapolis: T.S. Denison, 1961.
Springfield: Town on the Minnesota Prairie. Marceline, MO: Walsworth Publishing, 1981.
“Stillwater Globules.” St. Paul Daily Globe, August 10, 1883.
“St. Paul Trades and Labor Assembly.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, January 17, 1946.
Swanson, Deborah, ed. “Joseph Farr Remembers the Underground Railroad in St. Paul.” Minnesota History 57, no. 3 (Fall 2000): 123–129.
http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/57/v57i03p123-129.pdf
Taylor, David Vassar. “The Blacks.” In They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the State’s Ethnic Groups, edited by June Drenning Holmquist, 73–91. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 2004. First published in 1981.
“Veteran Barber Recounts Observations and Changes During Past Three Decades.” Cokato Enterprise, April 25, 1929.
Washington, Booker T. “The Negro and the Labor Unions.” Atlantic Monthly, June 1913.
“20 Barbershops Sign With CIO.” Minneapolis Labor Review, December 13, 1945.
Chronology
c.1850
c.1870
1883
1887
c.1890
1894
1897
1900
1907
1908
1920
1931
1938
1950
1960
1970
1980
Bibliography
“At a Meeting of the Barbers’ Union.” St. Paul Appeal, May 24, 1890.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016810/1890-05-24/ed-1/seq-1/
Bristol, Douglas Walter, Jr. Knights of the Razor: Black Barbers in Slavery and Freedom. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2009.
“Barbers on Strike: Union Workmen at East Grand Forks Demand Enforcement of Sunday Closing.” Minnesota Union Advocate, May 24, 1908.
“Barbers Union to Note Its 63rd Anniversary.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, May 21, 1953.
“Barbers Shave Close.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, May 31, 1907.
“Barbers Union Meeting in New Hall Monday.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, September 7, 1917.
“Barbers’ Advanced Class Stresses Styling.” Minneapolis Labor Review, January 13, 1972.
“Barbers’ Strike When Employers Break Agreement.” Minneapolis Labor Review, January 30, 1920.
“Barbers’ Union Gains Steadily.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, September 28, 1917,
“Barbers’ Union Merging with Food, Commercial.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, January 14, 1980.
“Barbers’ Union to Entertain Huge Crowd at Picnic.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, July 30, 1936.
“Beauty Workers Banner Ellen’s Beauty Shop.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, August 12, 1937.
“Delmont Warns Labor Against Scab Shops.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, March 18, 1926.
“Eight Barbershops Listed As Unfair Return to Fold.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, August 23, 1945.
Foner, Phillip S. History of the Labor Movement in the United States: From Colonial Time to the Founding of the American Federation of Labor. New York: International Publishers, 1947.
Green, William D. A Peculiar Imbalance: The Fall and Rise of Racial Equity in Early Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2007.
Hall, Scott W. “The Journeymen Barbers International Union of America.” The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science 54, no. 3 (1936).
Mills, Quincy T. Cutting Along the Color Line: Black Barbers and Barber Shops in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
“Negroes Are Not Barred From Barbers’ Union.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, October 23, 1947.
“Question of Pay Satisfaction Settled at St. Paul.” Minneapolis Labor Review, July 12, 1909.
“Shaved on Sunday.” St. Paul Daily Globe, September 28, 1887.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059522/1887-09-28/ed-1/seq-2/
“Sound Reasons for the Barbers’ Law.” Minneapolis Labor Review, November 7, 1907.
Spangler, Earl. The Negro in Minnesota. Minneapolis: T.S. Denison, 1961.
Springfield: Town on the Minnesota Prairie. Marceline, MO: Walsworth Publishing, 1981.
“Stillwater Globules.” St. Paul Daily Globe, August 10, 1883.
“St. Paul Trades and Labor Assembly.” St. Paul Minnesota Union Advocate, January 17, 1946.
Swanson, Deborah, ed. “Joseph Farr Remembers the Underground Railroad in St. Paul.” Minnesota History 57, no. 3 (Fall 2000): 123–129.
http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/57/v57i03p123-129.pdf
Taylor, David Vassar. “The Blacks.” In They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the State’s Ethnic Groups, edited by June Drenning Holmquist, 73–91. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 2004. First published in 1981.
“Veteran Barber Recounts Observations and Changes During Past Three Decades.” Cokato Enterprise, April 25, 1929.
Washington, Booker T. “The Negro and the Labor Unions.” Atlantic Monthly, June 1913.
“20 Barbershops Sign With CIO.” Minneapolis Labor Review, December 13, 1945.