Blackface Minstrelsy in Minnesota
The cover of The Five Star Minstrel Book (Northwestern Press, 1938), which is meant to act as a guide for anyone wanting to organize a blackface minstrel show.
Bibliography
Abramovitch, Seth. “Blackface and Hollywood: From Al Jolson to Judy Garland to Dave Chappelle.” Hollywood Reporter, February 12, 2019.
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/blackface-hollywood-al-jolson-judy-garland-dave-chappelle-1185380
“Adventures of the Duff Family.” St. Paul Daily News, April 8, 1918.
“Adventures of the Duff Family.” St. Paul Daily News, April 9, 1918.
“At The Playhouses.” Sunday Journal (Minneapolis), September 2, 1906.
Charles L. Bartholomew collection
Special Collections, Hennepin County Library, Minneapolis
Description: Editorial cartoons from the early 1900s drawn for the Minneapolis Journal covering all topics, from local to international. Donated by Charles Bartholomew.
https://www.hclib.org/-/media/Hennepin-Library/Programs-and-Services/Finding-aids/A-B/1994-06-Bartholomew-Charles-L.pdf
Collection of Negro minstrel music and songs, 1840–1918
Sheet Music Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul
Description: This collection primarily contains sheet music involving black minstrelsy, an indigenous cultural form immensely popular in the United States from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century. The fifty-five scores in this collection range from the 1840s to 1918 and contain a rich mixture of imagery and language depicting racial stereotypes and parody.
http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/lb00014.xml
Cooper, Karen. “Minstrelsy in Minnesota: Blackface Wasn’t Only a Southern Problem.” MinnPost, February 8, 2019.
https://www.minnpost.com/community-voices/2019/02/minstrelsy-in-minnesota-blackface-wasnt-only-a-southern-problem
“Discrimination in Advertising Trade Cards” [primary source set]. Minnesota Digital Library.
https://mndigital.org/projects/primary-source-sets/discrimination-advertising-trade-cards
Elks Lodge no. 59. “Big Minstrel Jubilee: Metropolitan Opera House” [program]. St. Paul, 1924. Available at the Minnesota Historical Society Library as PN1968.U62 S444 1924.
“Entertainments.” Minneapolis Morning Tribune, June 14, 1910.
Gates Jr., Henry Louis. Stony the Road: Reconstruction, White Supremacy, and the Rise of Jim Crow. New York: Penguin Press, 2019.
Fisher, Ham. “Joe Palooka.” Faribault Daily News, September 9, 1941.
“Just Boy.” St. Paul Daily News, April 21, 1918.
Marling, Karal Ann. Blue Ribbon: A Social and Pictorial History of the Minnesota State Fair. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1990.
“Married Life.” St. Paul Daily News, April 14, 1918.
“Married Life.” St. Paul Daily News, April 20, 1918.
“McGee Forecasts Lynchings in State.” St. Paul Daily News, April 20, 1918.
McNally, Dennis. On Highway 61: Music, Race, and the Evolution of Cultural Freedom. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2014.
“Must Come Clean.” The Appeal, June 12, 1915.
Morris, Wesley. “The Birth of American Music.” 1619 Project (New York Times). Podcast audio, September 6, 2019.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/06/podcasts/1619-black-american-music-appropriation.html?action=click&module=audio-series-bar®ion=header&pgtype=Article
“Our Daily Movie.” St. Paul Daily News, April 12, 1918.
Pamphlets relating to minstrel shows performed in Minnesota, 1887–
Pamphlet Collection, Minnesota Historical Society Pamphlet, St. Paul
Description: A collection of blackface minstrel show pamphlets handed out at performances in Minnesota between 1887 and the late 1930s.
Rasool, Amira. “Some White Influencers Are Being Accused of ‘Blacfishing,’ Or Using Makeup To Appear Balck.” Teen Vogue, November 16, 2018.
https://www.teenvogue.com/story/blackfish-niggerfish-white-influencers-using-makeup-to-appear-black
Rogin, Michael. “Blackface, White Noise: The Jewish Jazz Singer Finds His Voice.” Critical Inquiry 18, no. 3 (Spring 1992): 417–453.
Toll, Robert C. Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Watkins, Mel. On the Real Side: Laughing, Lying, and Signifying—The Underground Tradition of African-American Humor that Transformed American Culture, from Slavery to Richard Pryor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Chronology
1830s
1840s
1852
1857
1865
1866
1868
1877
1880s
1890s
ca. 1900
1910
1913
1915
1919
1920
1927
ca. 1930s
1935
1940s
1960s
2013
Bibliography
Abramovitch, Seth. “Blackface and Hollywood: From Al Jolson to Judy Garland to Dave Chappelle.” Hollywood Reporter, February 12, 2019.
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/blackface-hollywood-al-jolson-judy-garland-dave-chappelle-1185380
“Adventures of the Duff Family.” St. Paul Daily News, April 8, 1918.
“Adventures of the Duff Family.” St. Paul Daily News, April 9, 1918.
“At The Playhouses.” Sunday Journal (Minneapolis), September 2, 1906.
Charles L. Bartholomew collection
Special Collections, Hennepin County Library, Minneapolis
Description: Editorial cartoons from the early 1900s drawn for the Minneapolis Journal covering all topics, from local to international. Donated by Charles Bartholomew.
https://www.hclib.org/-/media/Hennepin-Library/Programs-and-Services/Finding-aids/A-B/1994-06-Bartholomew-Charles-L.pdf
Collection of Negro minstrel music and songs, 1840–1918
Sheet Music Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul
Description: This collection primarily contains sheet music involving black minstrelsy, an indigenous cultural form immensely popular in the United States from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century. The fifty-five scores in this collection range from the 1840s to 1918 and contain a rich mixture of imagery and language depicting racial stereotypes and parody.
http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/lb00014.xml
Cooper, Karen. “Minstrelsy in Minnesota: Blackface Wasn’t Only a Southern Problem.” MinnPost, February 8, 2019.
https://www.minnpost.com/community-voices/2019/02/minstrelsy-in-minnesota-blackface-wasnt-only-a-southern-problem
“Discrimination in Advertising Trade Cards” [primary source set]. Minnesota Digital Library.
https://mndigital.org/projects/primary-source-sets/discrimination-advertising-trade-cards
Elks Lodge no. 59. “Big Minstrel Jubilee: Metropolitan Opera House” [program]. St. Paul, 1924. Available at the Minnesota Historical Society Library as PN1968.U62 S444 1924.
“Entertainments.” Minneapolis Morning Tribune, June 14, 1910.
Gates Jr., Henry Louis. Stony the Road: Reconstruction, White Supremacy, and the Rise of Jim Crow. New York: Penguin Press, 2019.
Fisher, Ham. “Joe Palooka.” Faribault Daily News, September 9, 1941.
“Just Boy.” St. Paul Daily News, April 21, 1918.
Marling, Karal Ann. Blue Ribbon: A Social and Pictorial History of the Minnesota State Fair. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1990.
“Married Life.” St. Paul Daily News, April 14, 1918.
“Married Life.” St. Paul Daily News, April 20, 1918.
“McGee Forecasts Lynchings in State.” St. Paul Daily News, April 20, 1918.
McNally, Dennis. On Highway 61: Music, Race, and the Evolution of Cultural Freedom. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2014.
“Must Come Clean.” The Appeal, June 12, 1915.
Morris, Wesley. “The Birth of American Music.” 1619 Project (New York Times). Podcast audio, September 6, 2019.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/06/podcasts/1619-black-american-music-appropriation.html?action=click&module=audio-series-bar®ion=header&pgtype=Article
“Our Daily Movie.” St. Paul Daily News, April 12, 1918.
Pamphlets relating to minstrel shows performed in Minnesota, 1887–
Pamphlet Collection, Minnesota Historical Society Pamphlet, St. Paul
Description: A collection of blackface minstrel show pamphlets handed out at performances in Minnesota between 1887 and the late 1930s.
Rasool, Amira. “Some White Influencers Are Being Accused of ‘Blacfishing,’ Or Using Makeup To Appear Balck.” Teen Vogue, November 16, 2018.
https://www.teenvogue.com/story/blackfish-niggerfish-white-influencers-using-makeup-to-appear-black
Rogin, Michael. “Blackface, White Noise: The Jewish Jazz Singer Finds His Voice.” Critical Inquiry 18, no. 3 (Spring 1992): 417–453.
Toll, Robert C. Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Watkins, Mel. On the Real Side: Laughing, Lying, and Signifying—The Underground Tradition of African-American Humor that Transformed American Culture, from Slavery to Richard Pryor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.