Minnesota Building, St. Paul

Color image of the Minnesota Building, 2009.
The Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.

Built in 1929 at Forty-Sixth East Fourth Street, the Minnesota Building represents a turning point in the economic history of downtown St. Paul and the architectural history of the entire Twin Cities area.

In 1922 business and government leaders in St. Paul met to discuss the development of the city. Their main concern was defining a downtown and, within it, a business district. For decades business had been divided between Lowertown, along the river, and the office buildings north of it. Some argued for a broad geographic definition of downtown. They defined its borders as the Mississippi River to the south, the Summit neighborhood to the west, and Dayton's Bluff to the east.

A more focused definition won in the end. The leaders decided to center their attention on a new business district. The district became known as the "business loop." The loop was encompassed by modern-day Kellogg Boulevard, Wacouta Street, Twelfth Street, and Main Street (now mostly eliminated). The district included existing business buildings but new construction was desired. Except for the Hotel Lowry, no multistory buildings were erected in downtown St. Paul from 1919 to 1929.

In 1928 developers purchased the Minnesota Club building and razed it. They commissioned St. Paul native and architect Charles Hausler to design a new office building. Hausler had apprenticed with Louis Sullivan in Chicago, then served as St. Paul's city architect from 1914 to 1923.

Construction of the Minnesota Building began in June of 1929 and progressed smoothly. It was dedicated in October of 1929, having cost $950,000 to build. On November 12, 450 people attended an open house celebrating its completion. Its creation ended a decade-long drought of construction in downtown St. Paul. The building was the first in a new series to be built in the "business loop." It housed upscale offices and provided a prestigious address for companies.

Within the Twin Cities, the Minnesota Building was an architectural first and a sign of things to come. All previous twentieth-century construction had been in the traditional Beaux-Arts, classical, or neoclassical styles. The Minnesota Building was the first art-deco-style and modern building in the Twin Cities. It helped reinvent the business architecture of the Twin Cities. Several art-deco buildings followed it. Examples of local art-deco structures constructed shortly after the Minnesota Building include the St. Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse, the First National Bank Building, the Qwest Building, the Minneapolis U.S. Post Office, Foshay Tower, and Rand Tower.

The exterior of the building features traditional art-deco styling. It emphasizes geometric forms and symmetry. The pedestrian level has tile and terracotta stone work. The main entrances are flanked by large display windows. Over the main entrance is a stone medallion of the state of Minnesota guarded by two stylized eagles. The secondary facades display the words "MINNESOTA BLDG" between the twelfth and thirteenth floors. The interior has bright terrazzo floors, marble walls, geometric plaster work, bronze lamps, and hardware.

Throughout the twentieth century the Minnesota Building served St. Paul as an office building and business center. At the beginning of the twenty-first century the Twin Cities office market declined. Businesses consolidated, or left the cities for more modern accommodations in the suburbs. By 2006 the building was vacant. Through public investment it was renovated into a housing complex. Several government-subsidized apartments were set aside for chronically homeless people. On February 24, 2011 the Minnesota Building was rededicated by St. Paul Mayor Chris Coleman and St. Paul developers. It provided affordable housing for working class St. Paul residents along with business space on the ground level.

Aside from the early addition of the thirteenth floor, the structure is mostly unaltered. The exterior and public spaces of the interior are well preserved. As part of the building's redevelopment efforts were made to protect it. In 2009 the Minnesota Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Cite
DeCarlo, Peter. "Minnesota Building, St. Paul." MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. https://www3.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/structure/minnesota-building-st-paul
Print This Page
© Minnesota Historical Society  80x15  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
First Published: July 03, 2014
Last Modified: April 15, 2025

Bibliography

Minnesota Building. National Register of Historic Places nomination file, reference number 09000408.
Editor's note: This nomination file was the main source used in the writing of this article.

Related Resources

Related Images

Color image of the Minnesota Building, 2009.
The Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Architectural drawing of the Minnesota Building, c.1928.
Architectural drawing of the Minnesota Building, c.1928.
North façade of the Minnesota Building

The north façade of the Minnesota Building showing the words "MINNESOTA BDLG" between the twelfth and thirteenth floors, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.

Color image of the main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009.
The main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Above the entrance are the Minnesota and eagle medallions. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of exterior detailing of the Minnesota Building, 2009.
Exterior detailing of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of thefacade of the Minnesota Building above the main entrance, 2009.
Façade of the Minnesota Building above the main entrance, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of an eagle medallion and tile work above the main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009.
An eagle medallion and tile work above the main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of the interior of the entrance to the Minnesota Building, 2009.
Interior of the entrance to the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of terrazzo flooring and marble walls of the Minnesota Building, 2009.
Terrazzo flooring and marble walls of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Art Deco-styled elevator bay, Minnesota Building
Art deco-styled elevator bay in the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of elevator doors of the Minnesota Building, 2009.
Elevator doors of the Minnesota Building, 2009. The lavish ornamentation of the doors is typical of the art deco style. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of zig-zag plastered crown molding inside the Minnesota Building, 2009.
Zig-zag plastered crown molding inside the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
Color image of the Minnesota Building, 2009.

The Minnesota Building

The Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Architectural drawing of the Minnesota Building, c.1928.

Drawing of Minnesota Building

Architectural drawing of the Minnesota Building, c.1928.

Holding Location

University of Minnesota Northwest Architectural Archives
North façade of the Minnesota Building

North façade of the Minnesota Building

The north façade of the Minnesota Building showing the words "MINNESOTA BDLG" between the twelfth and thirteenth floors, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.

© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of the main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009.

Main entrance of the Minnesota Building

The main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Above the entrance are the Minnesota and eagle medallions. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of exterior detailing of the Minnesota Building, 2009.

Minnesota Building exterior detailing

Exterior detailing of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of thefacade of the Minnesota Building above the main entrance, 2009.

West façade exterior of the Minnesota Building

Façade of the Minnesota Building above the main entrance, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of an eagle medallion and tile work above the main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009.

Eagle medallion and tile work, Minnesota Building

An eagle medallion and tile work above the main entrance of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of the interior of the entrance to the Minnesota Building, 2009.

Interior entrance of the Minnesota Building

Interior of the entrance to the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of terrazzo flooring and marble walls of the Minnesota Building, 2009.

Interior floor and marble work, Minnesota Building

Terrazzo flooring and marble walls of the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Art Deco-styled elevator bay, Minnesota Building

Art Deco-styled elevator bay, Minnesota Building

Art deco-styled elevator bay in the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of elevator doors of the Minnesota Building, 2009.

Elevator doors, Minnesota Building

Elevator doors of the Minnesota Building, 2009. The lavish ornamentation of the doors is typical of the art deco style. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office
Color image of zig-zag plastered crown molding inside the Minnesota Building, 2009.

Zig-zag plastered crown molding, Minnesota Building

Zig-zag plastered crown molding inside the Minnesota Building, 2009. Photograph by Thomas R. Zahn.
© Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office

Turning Point

In October of 1929 the Minnesota Building is dedicated, ushering in a new era of architectural design in the Twin Cities.

Chronology

1922
Public planning to redevelop the downtown core of St. Paul takes place.
1927
The streets that define the downtown business loop are widened.
1928
Developers purchase the Minnesota Club building and raze it to begin construction on a new building, the first one built in downtown St. Paul in almost a decade.
1929
The Minnesota Building is dedicated in October, beginning a period of art-deco-styled buildings in the Twin Cities.
2006
After decades of occupation, mostly by businesses, the Minnesota Building is vacant.
2009
The Minnesota Building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
2011
In February the Minnesota Building opens as a new below-market housing complex with 137 apartments.

Bibliography

Minnesota Building. National Register of Historic Places nomination file, reference number 09000408.
Editor's note: This nomination file was the main source used in the writing of this article.

Related Resources