Swan, Curt (1920–1996)

Creator:
Photograph of Curt Swan in Minnesota, October 2, 1993
Swan returned to Minneapolis for Curt Swan Day, October 2, 1993.

Two young men from Cleveland, writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, created the character of Superman in the 1930s. But it was Curt Swan, a Minnesota artist, who defined Superman's look in comic books of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.

Douglas Curtis Swan was born in Minneapolis to Leontine J. (Hansen) and John P. Swan on February 17, 1920. His father worked for the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, a teenaged Curt Swan had to go to work to help support his family. He held various jobs, including that of a clerk for the Haas Letter Delivery Service and a day laborer. But even at a young age, he realized he was happiest when he could spend hours drawing.

World War II gave him that opportunity. In October 1941, at age twenty-one, Swan enlisted in the U.S. Army National Guard. When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor that December, Swan's military services was extended for the duration of the war. Many young men his age ended up on the battlefields of Europe and the Pacific. But Swan used his artistic talent for the U.S. military's newspaper, Stars and Stripes, illustrating stories and drawing cartoons.

Swan married in the last year of the war. When the war ended, he and his bride, Helene, moved to New York City. There, Swan met with former Stars and Stripes writer Eddie ("France") Herron, who had produced comic-book scripts before the war. On Herron's advice, Swan sent samples of his art to DC Comics, which hired him in December 1945. His first published DC Comics drawings appeared in an early 1946 issue of Boy Commandos.

Mainstream and superhero comic books were at that time—and still are—created by a team. A writer scripts a story. A penciler takes the script and translates words into pictures. An inker adds detail to the penciled lines. Then the letterer and colorist add finishing touches. Early on, Swan decided he wanted to be a penciler.

He learned on the job. Swan loved to add extra detail to his characters and settings. But the fast pace of comic-book publishing forced him to speed up. He had to draw dozens of pages a month. In order to keep up, he began simplifying his style.

In the 1950s, Swan was asked to design covers for Superman comics. Occasionally he also penciled Superman stories. His big break came in 1954, when he became the artist on a new comic-book series, Jimmy Olsen. At last he was the primary penciler on a series and a Superman spinoff at that. From 1958 to 1961, he also labored on the daily Superman comic strip. Coincidentally, Swan took over the strip from another Minnesota-born artist, Wayne Boring.

By 1970, Swan was the principal artist on some of DC Comics' biggest titles, Superman and Action Comics. For the next two decades, he determined the appearance and atmosphere of the Superman universe and its cast of characters, including the Man of Steel himself, Jimmy Olsen, Lois Lane, Lex Luthor, and Perry White.

Swan gave up his role as Superman's primary artist in 1986 but worked for DC Comics for the rest of his life. In all, he spent fifty-one years there. He is probably the artist most often associated with Superman, and later Superman artists have referred to his art when creating their own version of the comic-book icon. Swan died on June 17, 1996, in Wilton, Connecticut.

Cite
Aamodt, Britt. "Swan, Curt (1920–1996)." MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. https://www3.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/person/swan-curt-1920-1996
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First Published: November 05, 2013
Last Modified: April 11, 2025

Bibliography

Birth Certificate, Swan, Douglas Curtis. Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota, February 17, 1920. Certificate #1920-41749. Minnesota Births Index.

Davison's Minneapolis City Directory. Minneapolis, Minneapolis Directory Company, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938.

Death certificate, Swan, Curtis D. Norwalk, Fairfield County, Connecticut, June 17, 1996. State file #12648.

Divorce Filing, Curtis D. and Helen Swan. Fairfield County, Connecticut, 1981. Court Docket #048503.

Levitz, Paul. "Curt Swan." In 1979 Comic Art Convention, booklet, June 1979.

"Minnesota Cartoonists Oral Histories," 2011.
Oral History Collection, Minneapolis College of Art and Design Library, Minneapolis, MN
Description: Includes interview with Curt Swan

United States Census of Population, 1920. City of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnnesota.

United States Census of Population, 1930. City of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnnesota.

United States Census of Population, 1940. City of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnnesota.

Zeno, Eddy. Curt Swan: A Life In Comics. Lebanon, N.J.: Vanguard Productions, 2002.

Related Resources

Related Images

Photograph of Curt Swan in Minnesota, October 2, 1993
Swan returned to Minneapolis for Curt Swan Day, October 2, 1993.
Color photograph of Minnesota Cartoonists Award presented to Curt Swan, October 2, 1993
A group of Minnesota cartoonists and fans presented Swan with a Minnesota cartooning award designed by Jerry Fearing in 1993.
Color photograph of MN Cartooning Historian David Mruz with Curt Swan, October 2, 1993.
Minnesota cartooning historian David Mruz was among those who invited Curt Swan to Minneapolis for Curt Swan Day, October 2, 1993.
Curt Swan caricature drawn by Duane Barnhart
Duane Barnhart drew this caricature of fellow Minnesota cartoonist Curt Swan for Curt Swan Day, 1993.
Photograph of Curt Swan in Minnesota, October 2, 1993

Curt Swan in Minnesota, October 2, 1993

Swan returned to Minneapolis for Curt Swan Day, October 2, 1993.
© David Mruz    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Private Collection of David Mruz
Color photograph of Minnesota Cartoonists Award presented to Curt Swan, October 2, 1993

Minnesota Cartoonists Award presented to Curt Swan, October 2, 1993

A group of Minnesota cartoonists and fans presented Swan with a Minnesota cartooning award designed by Jerry Fearing in 1993.
© David Mruz    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Private Collection of David Mruz
Color photograph of MN Cartooning Historian David Mruz with Curt Swan, October 2, 1993.

MN Cartooning Historian David Mruz with Curt Swan and Proclamation Making October 2, 1993 Curt Swan Day

Minnesota cartooning historian David Mruz was among those who invited Curt Swan to Minneapolis for Curt Swan Day, October 2, 1993.
© David Mruz    

All rights reserved

Holding Location

Private Collection of David Mruz
Curt Swan caricature drawn by Duane Barnhart

Curt Swan caricature drawn by Duane Barnhart

Duane Barnhart drew this caricature of fellow Minnesota cartoonist Curt Swan for Curt Swan Day, 1993.

Holding Location

Private Collection of Duane Barnhart

Turning Point

In December 1945, Swan takes a job with DC Comics, publisher of the Superman family of comics.

Chronology

1920
Douglas Curtis (Curt) Swan is born on February 17.
1941
Swan enlists in the Army National Guard two months before America enters World War II. He spends most of the war as an artist for the U.S. Armed Forces newspaper, Stars and Stripes.
1945
In April, Swan marries Helene Brickley in Paris. At war's end, the couple moves to New York City, where, in December, Swan is hired by DC Comics.
1946
Swan's first published drawings for DC Comics appear in issues of Boy Commandos and the Newsboy Legion.
1949
Swan draws his first issue of Superboy, a series about young Clark Kent.
1951
Swan briefly gives up comics to try his hand at advertising art, but soon resumes his former career at DC Comics.
1952
In Superman No. 76, Swan illustrates the historic first meeting of Superman and Batman in a comic book.
1953
Swan draws the comic book Three-Dimension Adventures of Superman. He later cites this as the real beginning of his work on the Superman character.
1954
A Superman character, Jimmy Olsen, gets his own comic. Swan is the main artist for the new series.
1958
Swan takes over the syndicated Superman comic strip from another Minnesotan, Wayne Boring.
1970
Swan becomes primary penciler of the Superman comic books, defining the look of the Man of Steel for decades to come.
1981
Swan and his wife, Helene, divorce.
1986
A much younger man, John Byrne, replaces Swan as the primary Superman artist.
1990
Swan pencils a chapter written by Minnesota comics writer and artist Dan Jurgens for The Adventures of Superman Annual No. 2.
1993
A group of Minnesota cartoonists invite Swan to Minneapolis for Curt Swan Day, October 2. Minneapolis mayor Donald M. Fraser signs an official proclamation to mark the day.
1996
Swan dies in Wilton, Connecticut, on June 17 at age seventy-six.

Bibliography

Birth Certificate, Swan, Douglas Curtis. Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota, February 17, 1920. Certificate #1920-41749. Minnesota Births Index.

Davison's Minneapolis City Directory. Minneapolis, Minneapolis Directory Company, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938.

Death certificate, Swan, Curtis D. Norwalk, Fairfield County, Connecticut, June 17, 1996. State file #12648.

Divorce Filing, Curtis D. and Helen Swan. Fairfield County, Connecticut, 1981. Court Docket #048503.

Levitz, Paul. "Curt Swan." In 1979 Comic Art Convention, booklet, June 1979.

"Minnesota Cartoonists Oral Histories," 2011.
Oral History Collection, Minneapolis College of Art and Design Library, Minneapolis, MN
Description: Includes interview with Curt Swan

United States Census of Population, 1920. City of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnnesota.

United States Census of Population, 1930. City of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnnesota.

United States Census of Population, 1940. City of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnnesota.

Zeno, Eddy. Curt Swan: A Life In Comics. Lebanon, N.J.: Vanguard Productions, 2002.

Related Resources