Welsch v. Likins
Children eat a meal in Cottage 7 of Cambridge State Hospital, ca. 1969. The image is a still from a digitized film reel in the Cambridge State Hospital audio-visual materials, 1923–1984 (State Archives, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul). The image appears at 38:22. http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/gr00180/digital/gr00180-003_w.mp4
Bibliography
Ben-Moshe, Liat. Decarcerating Disability: Deinstitutionalization and Prison Abolition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020.
Bronston, William. Public Hostage, Public Ransom: Ending Institutional America. Conneaut Lake, PA: Page Publishing, 2021.
Burch, Susan. Committed: Remembering Native Kinship In and Beyond Institutions. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2021.
Carey, Allison C. On the Margins of Citizenship: Intellectual Disability and Civil Rights in Twentieth-Century America. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2009.
Chamberlain, Chelsea D. “Receiving, Sorting, and Disposing of Children: Institutions, Education, and Feeblemindedness in Progressive America.” PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 2022.
Disability Justice. “Welsch v. Likins.”
https://disabilityjustice.org/suits-involving-the-cambridge-state-hospital-cambridge-minnesota/welsch-v-likins
Granquist, Luther A. “A Brief History of the Welsch Case.” Presentation at the American Association on Mental Deficiency, Boston, MA, 1982.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/past/pdf/80s/82/82-granquist-history-welsch.pdf
Halderman v. Pennhurst (1978).
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/446/1295/2130357
Harris, Jasmine E., Karen M. Tani, and Shira Wakschlag. “The Disability Docket.” American University Law Review 72, no. 1667 (2023): 1667–1730.
https://aulawreview.org/blog/the-disability-docket
Jensen v. Minnesota Dept. of Human Services (Filing).
https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/minnesota/mndce/0:2009cv01775/107575/224
Jirik, Katrina N. “American Institutions for the Feeble-Minded, 1876–1916.” PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 2019.
Ladd-Taylor, Molly. Fixing the Poor: Eugenic Sterilization and Child Welfare in the Twentieth Century. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020.
Linnell, Breita, and Colleen Wieck. “Access to Justice: The Impact of Federal Courts on Disability Rights.” Federal Lawyer 59, no. 10 (December 2012): 48–53.
https://disabilityjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/FLDecember2012-Access-to-Justice-Article1.pdf.
Minnesota Department of Human Services. “Person-Centered Practices, Positive Supports and the Jensen Settlement Agreement.”
https://mn.gov/dhs/general-public/featured-programs-initiatives/jensen-settlement
Minnesota Governor’s Council on Developmental Disabilities. Exhibits at the Welsch Trial in 1973: Photo Gallery.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/past/1970s/gallery.html
⸻ . With an Eye to the Past.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/past/index.html
⸻ . Parallels in Time: A History of Developmental Disabilities.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/parallels/index.html
Minnesota Historical Society Library. State Hospitals.
https://libguides.mnhs.org/sh
PARC v. Commonwealth of PA (1972).
https://pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania-case-documents
New York Association for Retarded Children v. Carey (1982).
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/551/1165/2365985
Rose, Sarah F. No Right to Be Idle: The Invention of Disability, 1840s–1930s. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2017.
Rossiter, Kate, and Jen Rinaldi. Institutional Violence and Disability: Punishing Conditions. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Stenberg, Nathan R. “The Spectre of Institutionalization: Disability, Law, Performance & Policy at the Pennhurst State School & Hospital and Pennhurst Asylum.” PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 2023.
Tani, Karen M. “The Pennhurst Doctrines and the Lost Disability History of the ‘New Federalism.’" California Law Review 110, no. 4 (August 2022): 1157–1219.
https://www.californialawreview.org/print/the-pennhurst-doctrines-and-the-lost-disability-history-of-the-new-federalism
Welsch v. Likins (1974).
https://clearinghouse.net/case/462
Wyatt v. Stickney (1972).
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/344/373/2303083
Chronology
1960
1970
1971
1972
1972
1972
1973
1974
1975
1975
1976
1977
1980
1990
Bibliography
Ben-Moshe, Liat. Decarcerating Disability: Deinstitutionalization and Prison Abolition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020.
Bronston, William. Public Hostage, Public Ransom: Ending Institutional America. Conneaut Lake, PA: Page Publishing, 2021.
Burch, Susan. Committed: Remembering Native Kinship In and Beyond Institutions. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2021.
Carey, Allison C. On the Margins of Citizenship: Intellectual Disability and Civil Rights in Twentieth-Century America. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2009.
Chamberlain, Chelsea D. “Receiving, Sorting, and Disposing of Children: Institutions, Education, and Feeblemindedness in Progressive America.” PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 2022.
Disability Justice. “Welsch v. Likins.”
https://disabilityjustice.org/suits-involving-the-cambridge-state-hospital-cambridge-minnesota/welsch-v-likins
Granquist, Luther A. “A Brief History of the Welsch Case.” Presentation at the American Association on Mental Deficiency, Boston, MA, 1982.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/past/pdf/80s/82/82-granquist-history-welsch.pdf
Halderman v. Pennhurst (1978).
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/446/1295/2130357
Harris, Jasmine E., Karen M. Tani, and Shira Wakschlag. “The Disability Docket.” American University Law Review 72, no. 1667 (2023): 1667–1730.
https://aulawreview.org/blog/the-disability-docket
Jensen v. Minnesota Dept. of Human Services (Filing).
https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/minnesota/mndce/0:2009cv01775/107575/224
Jirik, Katrina N. “American Institutions for the Feeble-Minded, 1876–1916.” PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 2019.
Ladd-Taylor, Molly. Fixing the Poor: Eugenic Sterilization and Child Welfare in the Twentieth Century. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020.
Linnell, Breita, and Colleen Wieck. “Access to Justice: The Impact of Federal Courts on Disability Rights.” Federal Lawyer 59, no. 10 (December 2012): 48–53.
https://disabilityjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/FLDecember2012-Access-to-Justice-Article1.pdf.
Minnesota Department of Human Services. “Person-Centered Practices, Positive Supports and the Jensen Settlement Agreement.”
https://mn.gov/dhs/general-public/featured-programs-initiatives/jensen-settlement
Minnesota Governor’s Council on Developmental Disabilities. Exhibits at the Welsch Trial in 1973: Photo Gallery.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/past/1970s/gallery.html
⸻ . With an Eye to the Past.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/past/index.html
⸻ . Parallels in Time: A History of Developmental Disabilities.
https://mn.gov/mnddc/parallels/index.html
Minnesota Historical Society Library. State Hospitals.
https://libguides.mnhs.org/sh
PARC v. Commonwealth of PA (1972).
https://pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania-case-documents
New York Association for Retarded Children v. Carey (1982).
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/551/1165/2365985
Rose, Sarah F. No Right to Be Idle: The Invention of Disability, 1840s–1930s. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2017.
Rossiter, Kate, and Jen Rinaldi. Institutional Violence and Disability: Punishing Conditions. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Stenberg, Nathan R. “The Spectre of Institutionalization: Disability, Law, Performance & Policy at the Pennhurst State School & Hospital and Pennhurst Asylum.” PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 2023.
Tani, Karen M. “The Pennhurst Doctrines and the Lost Disability History of the ‘New Federalism.’" California Law Review 110, no. 4 (August 2022): 1157–1219.
https://www.californialawreview.org/print/the-pennhurst-doctrines-and-the-lost-disability-history-of-the-new-federalism
Welsch v. Likins (1974).
https://clearinghouse.net/case/462
Wyatt v. Stickney (1972).
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/344/373/2303083